Peppermint - active constituent menthol - Menthol is a monoterpenol found in peppermint essential oil and creates the cooling and warming sensation produced when peppermint essential oil is applied topically. Menthol has demonstrated analgesic action in research and increased cutaneous (skin) blood flow.
Sandalwood - active constituent santalol - helps with several ailments, such as depression, bacterial infections, acne, infected wounds, insomnia, muscle pain, and herpes. The only known contraindication for this essential oil is that it can cause contact dermatitis or another allergic reaction, making it imperative to perform a skiing patch test prior to using it.
Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) - active constituents linalool, linalyl acetate, camphor -linalool is an anti-inflammatory sedative, antispasmodic, antimicrobial, and analgesic. Linalyl acetate is an anti-inflammatory, sedative, antispasmodic, and analgesic. Camphor is analgesic, mucolytic, decongestant, antitussive.
Roman Chamomile - The active constituents serve many purposes such as antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, and antimicrobial.
Ylang-ylang - active constituents gemacrene D, beta-caryophyllene - both anti-inflammatory.
Bergamot (citrus auarantium) - There are more than 300 compounds in bergamot with the primary constituents consisting of limonene - a terpene, linalyl acetate - an ester, linalool - a monoterpene, and bergaptene- a terpene. Terpenes provide antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antiseptic qualities, while esters have antispasmodic, antifungal, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and sedative effects. Since terpenes can also cause skin irritation, C. aurantium (L.) var bergamia should be patch tested before use.
-important note - The key thing to remember with Bergamot is that is highly phototoxic. You should wait 24 hours after using the essential oil on your skin before exposing it to sunlight. Even then, you would need to wear a sunscreen.
Eucalyptus - active constituents 1-8 cineole and alpha-pinene - 1,8 cineole is an oxide & monoterpenoid that is best used for its anti-inflammatory & expectorant properties. Alpha-pinene contributes to the anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, and antispasmodic actions.
Patchouli root - Patchouli contains A-Guinane, a powerful anti-inflammatory compound that reduces inflammation of the joints and muscles to provide relief from aches and pains.
Several studies have been done to research the anti-inflammatory properties of Patchouli. It has been found that patchoulol (patchouli alcohol), can regulate the production of inflammatory markers in cells with induced inflammation. It has also been found that Patchouli exhibits strong anti-inflammatory properties within
Willow bark (Salix alba) - contains salicin, known for its antipyretic and pain relieving activity
Licorice Root - active constituent - glycyrrhizin - a triterpene saponin. It is converted to glycyrrehetic acid (GA) in the body. This herb has been used extensively as an anti-inflammatory agent. In one study the effects of topical corticosteroids were significantly enhanced by the addition of licorice root.
Turmeric (Curcuma longa) - active constituent curcumin - inhibits leukotriene formation, inhibits platelet aggregation and stabilizes neutrophilic lysosomal membranes, thus inhibiting inflammation at the cellular level. Curcumin is reported to possess greater anti-inflammatory activity than ibuprofen. At low levels, curcumin is a prostaglandin inhibitor, while at higher levels it stimulates the adrenal glands to secrete cortisone.
Yarrow (Achillea millefolium) - active constituent chamazulene - Known for its anti-inflammatory and anti-pruritic activity, it is used externally in the form of compresses and bath additives.